Carl Van Verden (fl. c. 1718 - 1730) was a Dutch seaman in the employ of the Russian Navy during the early 18th century. Van Verden is best known for his important 1719 - 1721 mapping of the Caspian Sea, which was the most sophisticated and accurate that had been issued to date. A significant cartographic achievement, Van Verden's work on the Caspian led directly to Peter the Great's 1722 invasion of Baku and Derbent and Russian hegemony in the region. Despite his achievements in the Caspian, Van Verden was later passed up by the Tzar in favor of Vitus Behring for the commission to discover a Northeast Passage through the Russian Arctic.
Around 1718 the Russian Tzar, Peter the Great, sponsored a number of cartographic expeditions to the farthest reaches of his vast empire. Most of these were headed up by Dutch navigators, the most experienced and mercenary of the era. Carl Van Verden, a Dutch seaman, was commissioned as a Russian naval officer and assigned the task of mapping the Caspian Sea. Though we...
Bland arbeten.
Carte Marine de la Mer Caspiene.
1642-1727
Agner, Eric Nilsson, f. i Angsta, Arnäs socken, omkr. 1642, d 1727. Bondson. E. o. lantmätare 1680; fick kammarkollegiets fullmakt på ord. lantmätarbeställningen i Södermanlands län 20 juli 1683; erhöll avsked 1720; bodde sedan på Bönsta gård IV2 mil från Nyköping.
Gift med Dorotea Sofia Njure, d 1716.
A. var en för sin tid ganska betydande matematiker och utgav läroböcker både i matematik och lantmäteri. Han ger dock vanligen ej förklaringar till sina metoder utan låter exemplen tala för sig själva. Hans räknelära om bråk är tydlig och lättfattlig. I allmänhet använder han sig ej av decimalbråk vid sina räkneuppgifter. Till bråkläran hör ett appendix, huvudsakligen innehållande exempel på ränta på ränta, uträknade medelst logaritmer och här med användning av, decimalbråk. Logaritmerna äro nästan alltid riktigt om än något ovigt behandlade, såväl här som i hans lilla skrift om rotutdragning medelst logaritmer. A. räknar mycket handels- och växelräkning både med in- och utländska sorter, och han ...
Bland arbeten.
Tryckta arbeten: Arithmetica fractionum, thet är: Räknekonst vthi brutné-tahl, innehållandes the dehlar och stycken som der wid fordras (och på fölljande blad upteknade finnas) uti en så klar method framwijste och utharbetade, at en incipient som uti speciebus arithmeticis integris någorlunda öfwader, den samma utan särdeles möda, allenast af egen flijt skal kunna fatta och begrijpa. Fäderneslandsens vngdom til nytta och bruk af åtskillige authorer, i ett kort begrep sammanfattadt. Sthm 1710. 4:.o 4 bl., 130 s. — Kort och ny method til at extrahera radices quantitatum per tabulam logarithmorum. Anwist och i Huset bracht. Sthm 1710. 4: o 8 bl. — Geodaesia Suecana eller Örtuga delo-bok, hwar uti följande , delar hufwudsakeligen beskrifwes: I. Om jorde-mätning i gemen, dess grund-skepelser, samt huru man deras innehåld och wärde finna kan. II. Om instrumenter som til mätningens afgörande fordras, deras bruk, samt en kort berättelse om Sweriges gamla myntz gällande. III. Huru jorde-ägor emellan åtskillige lått-lagare lageligen samt konsteligen fördelas böra. IV. .Öm råå och rör eller gräntzemärkens tilstånd och beskaffenheter &c. Theoretico-practice sammanskrifwen. (Med 'Appendix, innehållande åtskil- lige curieuse problemata eller lustiga frågor, samt deruppa uti mathesi grundade swar) Sthm 1730. 4: o 8 bl., 154 s. + 1 karta jämte 12 bl. innehållande K. Maj:ts instruktion för lantmätare av 20 apr. IIIb. — Aritn-metica eller Räkne-konst, med nödige grund-reglor och pfnings-monster försedd. Och till fädernes-landets tienst och nytto sammanskrefwen. Sthm 1743. 4: o 2 bl., 176 s. Handskrifter: I KB: Fundamenta et gymnasmata geometriae, thet är Mäte-wishetens grund-lära och öfningz-mönster, hufwudsakhn fördelt til plani-raetriam och solidimetriam til alla studerandes nytta sammanskrefwen. 263 bl. — Analogisk beskrifning öfwer Neperi logarithmi-tahls tabell. Här jemte, till arbetets mera facilitet, min nylige uthräknad och förfärdigat proportional tabell, samt Ett öfningz-mönster för ungdomen. 1725. 116 bl. — Dessutom nämnas i Acta literaria Sueciaä, Vol. 1, följande arbeten av A.: Dec-arithmetica. Räknekonst uti tionddelige bråkz-tahl. — Cochmat Haschiur seu Problemata selectiora & curiosa circa figurarum constructiones, divisiones ft- area.'! rariores artis mensorias pragmatias, analysin speciosam, &c. — Intro- ductio ad algebram. Inledning til algebra räkne-konst.
Eric Nilsson Agner, urn:sbl:5594, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av E. Philip.), hämtad 2015-04-05.
PAGÉS, PIERRE MARIE FRANCOIS, vicomte de.
Född i Toulouse, död i Saint-Domnique på Haiti.
Fransk sjöofficer. Som löjtnant ledde han 1767-71 en expedition som sökte finna Nordostpassagen. Han tvingades ge upp hoppet om detta, men förestod istället en rad vetenskapliga observationer och mätningar i Indiska Oceanen och Stilla Havet. 1772 deltog han i Kerguelen-Trèmarecs exedition till sydpolsområdet och 1776 ledde han en nordpolsexpedition. Han nådde emellertid inte längre än till Svalbard. Hans bok om dessa tre resor, 'Voyages autour du monde et vers les deux póles' utkom 1782 och blev översatt till flera språk, däribland svenska. Efter att ha avancerat till kapten drog han sig 1782 tillbaka i Saint-Dominique där han drev en plantage. Han blev mördad under ett negeruppror i förbindelse med franska revolutionen.
Bland arbeten.
Voyages autour du monde et vers les deux póles.
Nouv. biogr. gen.
Karta öfver Stockholm. - 1904.
Circulus Saxoniae Inferioris. - F. de Wit, Pieter Mortier ca 1710.
Olaus Magnus text till den berömda kartan "Carta Marina".
Texten finns även på katalanska, spanska och engelska.
Bureus karta över norden
Kartor och atlaser
Bilder och planschverk
Teckenförklaringar
ANECDOTA CARTOGRAPHICA II
EDITA A L. BAGROW
VINGBOONS’ MAPS
IN
SWEDEN
BY LEO BAGROW
STOCKHOLM
1948
P.A. Norstedts & Söners
Förlag
Kartorna äro utförda i ljustryck hos
Esselte AB.
Kungl. Boktryckeriet
P.A Norstedt & Söner
Stockholm
1948
Vingboons’ Maps in Sweden
The name of Vingboons, the Dutch cartographer of the middle of the 17th century, became known to a wider circle of students of cartography only recently. It was not until this century (1925-1935) that his works were reproduces and described for the first time by the eminent Dutch Scholar Dr. F. C. Wieder in his ”Monumenta Cartographica”. Vingboons’ work was considered so important for the history of Dutch cartography and of Dutch colonization that Dr. Wieder thought it necessary to devote to the description and reproduction of these works 47 tables of a total of 127 and 81 pages of the text of a total 0f 207 (footnote 1). Thereby Wieder’s work has gained in importance to Dutch scientists. If we recall that Wieder has also published a short note on Vingboons’ globe (footnote 2) and that J. Keuning has written a biography of Vingboons’, (footnote 3) we exhaust the list of what has to date been printed on his life and work. Information about his work as an engraver and drawer is likewise scarce. A reference to his work as an artist is given by F. C. Waller in Biographische Woordenboek v. Noord Nederlandsche Graveurs, Haag 1938.
Waller’s brief statement concerning J. Vingboons: ”a cartographer, engraver, publisher, artist, born in Amsterdam 1616/17, dead 1670, worked in Amsterdam in the years 1645-64” is practically all we know about Vingboons’ life. Keuning, whose work we have already noted, gives considerably more information about a J. Vingboons, but does not state, whether it refers to our Vingboons or another J. Vingboons, about whom a few details are given.
Dr. Wieder’s work have, however, brought the figure of J. Vingboons as a cartographer and draughtsman into sufficient relief. At present, nearly 240 sheets of maps, plans and views, with or without Vingboons’ signature, are found in different libraries. Some collections include separate sheets which are identical or closely resemble each other. The greater part of these sheets have been or still are assembled into atlases. Of the atlases extent at present, three volumes are in the Vatican. A similar atlas happened to fall in the hands of the Amsterdam antiquarian Fredrik Muller & Co. It had originally belonged to the cartographic firm Wed. Gerard Hust van Keulen in Amsterdam, subsequently taken over by H. G. Boom. Muller broke up the atlas into separate sheets and sold the sheets at public sales in 1885. The maps were scattered all over the world, but Dr. Wieder succeeded in finding many of them. In 1932, sixtythree maps out of a total of seventysix given in the catalogue had been traced; of these, thirtyfour were in Brazil, five in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, thirteen in the Library of Congress in Washington and eleven in Rotterdam. One of the sheets located at Recife (Brazil) bore the number 114, suggesting that Boom’s atlas had had at least 114 sheets. The whereabouts of the missing sheets are still not known.
The library of Laurentiana in Florence also has an atlas by Vingboons, containing 67 sheets. Separate sheets, many of which have never belonged to the atlases are found in different collections: in the State Archives at the Hague and in the National Library in Vienna. In the latter there are two types of sheets: (1) by Vingboons in his own hand and (2) copies of his maps included in the well-known ”Eugène”-Atlas.
All these maps are drawn by hand on paper bearing water-marks later than the year 1652. Their production must be referred to the years 1650-1670, chiefly to 1665-1670. The maps in the copies at the Vatican showed the Americas as far as their exploration to date allowed, the Atlantic coast lands of Africa. The maps in the collections in the Hague, in the State Archive, and in Florence, in the Laurentiana, - embrace Africa. – the littoral of the Indian Ocean, - as well as the coasts of Asia as far north as Japan. The Vatican atlas includes general maps; the North Sea, the North Pole, Spitsbergen, the Americas and North America. Also the Vatican Atlas contains a map, in 56 separate sheets, of the possessions of the West India Company; it shows both coasts of America and the Atlantic coast of Africa on a scale 1:1.500.000. The map is supplemented by views and plans of these regions.
A hitherto unknown series of Vingboons’ maps has been found recently in Sweden. This series is markedly different from others and is complete in itself; it is composed of 4 sheets of the same size, whereas all the other maps we have described above are drawn on sheets of various sizes. The maps which are now in Sweden have been drawn in coloured ink on parchment; they carry coloured vignettes and describe the North and the South Polar areas, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, (in fact they show the coast lines of all continents and islands that were known at the time). These maps are:
1. Suyder en Noorder America Met de Eylanden ende Vastelanden Van Westindien en een gedeelte Van Evropa en Africa. Alles op sijn Behoorlycke Polis Hooghte Geleijt Door J. Vingboons.
The map is drawn on Mercator’s projection with loxodromes. It embraces the entire eastern part of the Pacific Ocean (the western part was shown in the next map), all of America then known (California is represented as an island), the Atlantic with Europe and Africa. Africa, including Madagascar, is also shown as part of the Indian Ocean littoral.
2. Caert Van Asia en een Gedeelte Van Africa Met de Eylanden ende Vaste lande Van Oostindien. Beschreven door J. Vingboons.
Mercator map, with loxodromes. Beginning with Africa’s Atlantic coat south of the equator, it embraces the entire southern part of Africa and Asia, the Indian Ocean as far as parallel 50 south and the then known parts of Australia without its eastern part, so that it joins New Guinea in the north. South east of Australia, the southern part of Tasmania is already drawn, with an indication of the year, 1642, of its discovery. Asia’s eastern coast as far as the southern most Kurile Islands – the results of the expedition of M. de Vries in 1643. He assumed that beyond the straits of the southern Kuril Islands lay America . There is s also a group of the islands of Oceania between Australia and Japan.
3. Caart Vande Noort Pool met Syn Omleggende Landen Alles op Syn Behoorlycke Polis Hooghte Geleyt Door J. Vingboons.
The map is on the polar projection. The circle of Cancer is the approximate limit of the map; owing however, to its square shape, the circle is broken by the map and thus the map does not include the entire coast lines of America, Africa and Asia; outside the circle, to the south thereof, the Red Sea, Mexico and Cuba are represented on the map. The empty corners of the map are adorned with vignettes.
4. Caart Vande Zvydt Pool Met Syn Omgelegen Landen Nieuwelyck Betrocken door J. Vingboons.
The map of the southern hemisphere in the polar projection. The corners are filled with vignettes representing the four elements.
These four maps are interesting because they form a set embracing the entire globe. In actual fact they are sea-maps, as only the coastal regions are shown on them and no details are given in the interior of the continents. The maps are on different scales in order that they may include all that was required on each specific map. The maps overlap each other; accordingly there are no breaks and all the parts of the world as it was known at that time are represented on one map or another. Geographic discoveries up to the beginning of the second half of the 17th century are recorded on them.
The Vatican Atlas is the only one to note, closely resemble two maps in the series under discussion: one a map of America and the other a map of the North Pole. They do not hold, however, all that is represented on the corresponding maps of our series. The Vatican map of America and the Atlantic Ocean depicts the areas lying between parallels 62 degrees N. and 60 degrees S., whereas the limits of our map are extended beyond the polar circles. The North Pole map of the Vatican Atlas covers only Europe and America, (it does not include Asia) as far as the 80th parallel above and 49th parallel below, whereas our copy goes as far as the 46th parallel above and 30th parallel below.
This series of maps is in a private collection in Sweden. It has long been in Sweden and was probably in the possession of the well-known statesman Baron Klas Brorsson Rålamb, a contemporary of Vingboons.
It is interesting to note that the Vatican Atlas has also been in Swedish hands, having once belonged to Queen Christina.
Footnotes:
1) Monumenta Cartographica… edited by Dr. F. C. WIEDER, Hague. 1925-1933. Atlas Gr.Fo. 5 vv. et Text Fo.
2) Een bizondere aardglobe van Vingboons. Het Boek, d. 26. 1940, p. 69-71.
3) Johannes Vingboons, teekenaar, graveur en kartograf. H1et Boek, d. 22. 1933-34, p. 53-66.
