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Biografier.

MOUNT & PAGE., W. and J. Mount, and T. Page.


Engelsk kartförläggare. Firman grundades av Richard Mount som 1693 utgav G. Collins: Great Britain's Coasting Pilot. Tillsammans med Thomas Page utgav han 1702 'Atlas maritimus novus', som kom i flera utgåvor under de kommande åren. 1723 utgav T. Page, W. och F. Mount J. Norris 'Complete Set of new Charts, North Se, Baltick'. Firman bedrev sin verksamhet ännu 1763 och utgav då J.G. Alganas sjökartverk över Portugal och Medelhavet.

Bland arbeten.
Atlas maritimus novus.
Complete Set of new Charts, North Se, Baltick.
The English Pilot, ursprungligen av John och Samuel Thornton.


Phillips - Tooley. Biblioserver.

WILKINSON, ROBERT.


Engelsk kartograf omkring år 1800. 1794 gav han ut 'A general Atlas' som kom i flera upplagor och 1797 'Atlas classica' som även den kom i flera upplagor.
Bland arbeten.
A general Atlas.
Atlas classica.


Phillips.

Sefström, Nils Gabriel.

Född 2 juni 1787 i Ilsbo socken, Hälsingland, död 30 november 1845 i Stockholm.
Svensk kemist och mineralog.
Sefström blev student i Uppsala 1807 och medicine doktor 1813. Han var en av Jöns Jacob Berzelius främsta lärjungar, och fick 1812, under dennes utrikes resa, uppehålla hans föreläsningar vid Karlberg samt utnämndes 1816 till lärare i kemi och naturalhistoria där, 1818 till professor på Högre artilleriläroverket på Marieberg och 1820 till lärare vid Bergsskolan i Falun. År 1838 återvände han till Stockholm som adjungerad ledamot i Bergskollegium samt föreståndare för dess mineraliekabinett och proberkammare. Från 1815 var han ledamot av Vetenskapsakademien.
Sefström, som var en även långt utom Sverige känd kemist, upptäckte grundämnet vanadin. Inom geologin gjorde han sig bekant genom sina undersökningar över räfflorna och som upphovsman till teorin om 'rullstensfloden'. Han redigerade 'Jernkontorets annaler' 1820-45 och författade flera smärre avhandlingar.
Bland arbeten.
'Karta öfver Trakten kring Fahlun i Petridelauniskt afseende.'
”Undersökning af de räfflor, hvaraf Skandinaviens berg äro med bestämd riktning fårade, samt om deras sanolika uppkomst” (i KVAH)


Vägvisare för XI Olympiaden i Berlin - 1936


Bittermjölke, Picris Hieracioides L. - Lindman, C. A. M, Bilder ur Nordens Flora 1917-26.

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NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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