SÖK KARTOGRAFER, GRAVÖRER M.FL.

ERICH[IUS], ADOLAR[IUS].

Cartographer Gaudersleben.

Bland arbeten.
Thuringia 24 sh. 1625, used Blaeu 1634.

Tooley.

MALLET, ALAIN MANESSON.

1630-1706. Född och död i Paris.
Fransk ingenjör. Efter en tids verksamhet som militäringenjör hos kungen av Portugal återvände han till Paris och blev matematiklärare åt Ludvig XIV:s pager. 1671 utgav han ett militärtekniskt verk, 'Les travaux de Mars, ou l'art de la guerre'. Ett geografiskt verk i 5 band med en mängd kartor och planer, 'Description de l'Univers, contenant les différens systemes du Monde' utkom 1683 och i nyutgåva 1685. 1702 lät han utge 'La Géométrie pratique' i 4 band.

Description de L'Universe
His Description de L'Universe contains a wide variety of information, including star maps, maps of the ancient and modern world, and a synopsis of the customs, religion and government of the many nations included in his text. It has been suggested that his background as a teacher led to his being concerned with entertaining his readers. This concern manifested itself in the charming harbor scenes and rural landscapes that he included beneath his description of astronomical concepts and diagrams. Mallet himself drew most ...
Bland arbeten.
Les travaux de Mars, ou l'art de la guerre.
Description de l'Univers, contenant les différens systemes du Monde.
La Géométrie pratique.

Nouv. biogr. gen.

NORRIS, JOHN Sir.

Omkring 1660-1749.
Engelsk amiral , deltog som fartygsbefälhavare i sjöstriderna på 1690-talet och under 1700-talets första år, blev 1708 viceamiral och låg 1709 utanför Helsingör med uppdrag att hindra fransk spannmålsinförsel från östersjöhamnarna. 1709 amiral, var han 1710-11 överbefälhavare för Medelhavsflottan. 1715, 1716 och 1718 var han befälhavare för de till Östersjön sända engelska flottor, som avsågo att öva press på Sverige. Efter Karl XII:s död sändes han ånyo till Östersjön för att mota de ryska planerna mot Sverige men lyckades ej förhindra ryssarnas härjningar på den svenska östkusten och intog i det hela en passiv hållning. 1734-44 var han överbefälhavare för engelska flottan.

Svensk Uppslagsbok.

Stockholm - Mentzer ca 1860.

Heraldischer Atlas, Tavla 23 - H. G. Ströhl 1899.

NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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