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Biografier.

Macquer, Pierre-Joseph


Bland arbeten.
Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines.

BERGQUIST, CARL ERIK.

Född 1711 13/11 i Helgesta sn (Söd.), död 1781 3/12 i Stockholm. (Jakob).
Kopparstickare. Son av komministern Johannes B. och Christina Bergander. Elev av sin kusin Erik Geringius i Uppsala. Gravör vid Vetenskapsakademien 1739 6/6-1778 30/7. Var 1743-55 bosatt å Plongsta i Vansö sn (Söd.), återvände sistn. år till Stockholm. Kom 1757 genom gifte i besittning av gården Husby i ovann. sn.
Bland arbeten.
P. TILLAEUS, Karta över Stockholm, efter P. Wallrave, 1733, utförd i samarbete med Erik Geringius.
N. STRÖMCRONA. General- och åtskillige speciale passkartor öfver hela Östersjön och Sinu Finnico och Bothnico samt Skagerak, Kattegat och Bält, 1739, 10 blad.
P. EKERMAN, De Norcopia, diss., resp. P. W. Lithzénius, Uppsala 1742: plan av Norrköping 1741, kpst., samt tab. med sigill och mynt, efter Ph. J. Thelott, kpst.
C. von LINNÉ, öländsk resa, Sthlm 1745: karta över Öland.
G. WALLIN d. y., Gothländska samlingar, I, Sthlm 1747: grundritning av Roma kloster, kpst., samt 3 tab. med sigill, kpst.
C. von LINNEI Skånska resa, Sthlm 1751: karta över Skåne samt zoologiska tab., kpst.
O. GRAU, Beskrifning öfwer Wästmanland, Västerås 1754: ett flertal kyrkor, Västerås domkyrka, Arboga m. fl., kpst.
[A. F. BÜSCHING], Geographisk beskrifning öfwer Palästina eller juda-landet, samt Steniga Arabien, Sthlm 1770: karta över Palestina, 1770.
N. MARELIUS, Karta över Östergötland och Linköpings hövdingedöme, 1771.
DENS., Karta över sjön Vänern, 1773, utförd i samarbete med Fredrik Akrel.
Karta över Älvsborgs och Vänersborgs hövdingedöme, 1781.


Hultmark, 1944.

ROBIJN, JACOBUS.

Född ca. 1649.
Holländsk bok-, konst- och karthandlare. Han fick borgerskap i Amsterdam 1674. Tillsammans med Johannes van Keulen (se denne) gav han 1679 ut 26 stycken nya sjökort. 1683 lät han ge ut 'Zee Atlas' med 20 kartor och 1689 en större engelsk utgåva, 'The new enlarged Lightning Sea Column' med 137 kartor. En stor del av dessa var tidigare arbeten av Theunis Jacobsz och Jacob Theunisz (se denne). Robijn omnämns sista gången 1707.

About 1675, shortly before the van Keulen publishing business was set up in Amsterdam, Robijn practised there as a map 'illuminator' and chart seller. After a short association with Johannes van Keulen he acquired publishing rights covering the Zee-Spiegel and Zee Atlas from the widow of Pieter Goos and used the plates to produce his own pilot book and sea atlas. Apart from a small number of plates prepared to his own order, most of Robijn's work cannot be said to be original: he issued Goos's charts and those of Roggeveen with a variety of texts by J. and C. Jacobsz (Lootsman), Ar...
Bland arbeten.
Zee Atlas.
The new enlarged Lightning Sea Column.


Ingermanlandiae – Homanns Erben 1734


Fjälluggla - Olof Rudbeck d.y.

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NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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