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Biografier.

Doppelmayr, Johann Gabriel.


Doppelmayr, an acclaimed astronomer, was born in Nuremberg in 1671. He was a member of the Royal Society of London and the Academies of Berlin, Vienna and St. Petersburg.
It is not surprising that Dopplemayr collaborated with Germany’s leading map publisher Johann Baptist Homann on both the terrestrial and celestial maps included in this atlas. He visited astronomers in many countries and hence in addition to the star charts and selenographic map, the atlas includes “diagrams illustrating the planetary system of Copernicus, Tycho, and Riccilio; the ecliptic theories of Kepler, Bouliaeu, Seth Ward and Mercator; the lunar theories of Tycho, Horrocks and Newton, and Halley’s cometary theory” (DSB IV, p. 166).
Bland arbeten.
Atlas novus Coelestis. Nuremberg: Homann’s Heirs, 1742.
First edition, folio (560 x 390mm), engraved allegorical additional titles (plain), title printed in red and black with engraved vignette, engraved index listing 30 subjects and 30 double-page engraved celestial charts and diagrams, some incorporating miniature world maps or spandrel illustrations of astronomical observatories, in contemporary hand colour and wash.


Sotheby's

FLEURIEU, CHARLES-PIERRE CLARET de.

1738-1810.
Greve, fransk sjöofficer. Född i Lyon, död i Paris. Som ung kom han in i marinen, blev kapten 1776 och samma år hamn- och arsenaldirektör. Under krigen 1778-83 visade han sig som en mycket duktig strateg. 1790-91 var han marin- och koloniminister. Vid revolutionen fängslades han men släpptes fri och hade senare olika offentliga ställningar både under republiken och kejsardömet. 1808 blev han greve. Han gav ut flera geografiska verk, varav kan nämnas 'Découvertes des Francais en 1768 et 1769 dans le sud-est de la Nouvelle-Guinée' (1790) och 'Voyage d'un autour du monde par Etienne Marchand' (1798). 1809 kom en stor atlas över skandinaviska farvatten. 'Neptune des mers du Nord, ou Atlas du Cattégat et de la Baltique'.

Bland arbeten.
Découvertes des Francais en 1768 et 1769 dans le sud-est de la Nouvelle-Guinée.
Voyage d'un autour du monde par Etienne Marchand.
Neptune des mers du Nord, ou Atlas du Cattégat et de la Baltique.


Nouv. biogr. gen.

DEZAUCHE, J.A.


Fransk kartograf. Han betecknade sig som 'successeur des sierus De l'Isle & Buache'. Under åren 1769-90 ansvarade han för flera nya reviderade utgåvor av deras atlas. Ett antal av hans kartor togs även med i andra kartografers atlaser.


Phillips.


Karta öfver Stockholm. - 1904.


'A Draught of the Passage of Stockholm from Landsort to Dollers Castle.' - John Norris 1728.

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NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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