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Biografier.

AKRELL, CARL FREDRIC.

1779-1868.
Son of engraver Fredric Akrel. Worked on the fortification of the Trollhätte Canal and defence posts in the Stockholm archipelago. Served as major and senior aide-de-camp for King Karl Johan in the First Napoleonic War and was seriously wounded in the chest in the storming of Leipzig. Was made a noble in 1819. Promoted to lieutenant general and appointed head of the Telegraph administration in 1854. A hobby engraver, producing among others the maps for Sweden 's Marine Atlas (Sveriges SjöatIas).


Bland arbeten.
Sveriges SjöatIas.


Sveriges sjökartor – A. Hedin.

TILLAEUS, PETRUS (PETTER).

Född 1679, död 11 februari 1754.
Son till kontraktsprosten och kyrkoherden i Rättvik Anders Tillaeus och Elisabet Dalborg. Petrus Tillaeus studerade vid Uppsala universitet 1699-1711 och blev sedan auskultant i Bergskollegium 1713.
'Stadsingenjör i Stockholm 1717, utnämndes han 1748 till rådman därstädes och afled d. 11 febru. 1754. Såsom stadsingenjör ådagalade han stor insiktsfullhet och inlade isynnerhet stor förtjänst genom utarbetandet af goda kartor. Väl bekant är den s. k. 'Tillaei karta', en General Charta öfver Stockholm med Malmarne, fullbordad 1731 i skalan 1:4000, och hvarå han på statsmyndigheternas hemställan erhöll kungligt privilegium för tio år. Kartan, den största som intill senaste tid utgifvits öfver Stockholm, trycktes 1733 med af staden försträckta penningar, och att den blef till belåtenhet framgår däraf, att staden 1750 såsom belöning för densamma tillerkände T. en summa af 2,000 dal. smt.' (Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon)

Bland arbeten.
Karta över Stockholm, efter P. Wallrave, 1733, utförd i samarbete med C. E. Bergquist och Erik Geringius, jämte porträtt av Fredrik I, efter M. Mijtens, kpst.
'Kartan - den intill senaste tid största väggkarta, som utgetts över Stockholm - är icke officiell i egentligaste mening, men hölls för ett 'autentiquet document', såsom överintendenten K. Hårleman kallade den i ett till K. M:t 1752 avgivet memorial. De tolv plåtarna, vilka ägdes av staden, översågs 1770 av P. G. Floding, som därvid tillät sig modernisera utseendet vid Riddarhustorget. Man kan således skilja mellan avdrag gjorda före och efter nämnda tidpunkt.'


Nordisk Familjebok, 2:a upplagan, band 29, Stockholm 1919.

WELLS, EDGAR.

1667-1727.
Engelsk kartograf. 1701 gav han i Oxford ut en atlas med titeln 'New Set of Maps of Ancient and Present Geography'. Den följdes av tre nyutgåvor, den senaste 1726. Hans kartor är mycket schematiska och enkelt ritade men likväl inte helt utan dekorationer.

Bland arbeten.
New Set of Maps of Ancient and Present Geography.


Tooley. Phillips.


Vägvisare för XI Olympiaden i Berlin - 1936


'Wäg Charta Öfwer Stockholms medh Swartsjö län och Södertörn...' - Gyllenborg 1772.

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NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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