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Biografier.

KITCHIN, THOMAS.

1718-84.
Engelsk kopparstickare och geograf. Han graverade en mängd illustrationer för böcker och tidskrifter, och utförde även kartarbeten för geografiska verk. 1773 gav han ut en 'General Atlas' som till 1804 utkom i 12 utgåvor. Ett annat verk, 'New universal Atlas' kom till 1805 i 7 utgåvor. 1778 gav han ut 'Royal English Atlas' som även innehöll arbeten av andra kartografer. På en karta från 1775 betecknar han sig som 'Hydrographer to His Majesty'.

Bland arbeten.
General Atlas.
New universal Atlas.
Royal English Atlas


Phillips - Thieme-Becker.

Bertius, Petrus. [Bert].

1565-1629.
Petrus Bertius grew up in Beveren in Flanders and as a young man travelled widely in Europe. In company with so many of his compatriots he moved to Amsterdam as a refugee from religious persecution and after completing his studies there he was appointed a professor of mathematics and librarian at Leyden University. As well as being a prolific writer on mathematical, historical and theological subjects he is known as a cartographer for his editions of Ptolemy's Geographia (based on Mercator's edition of 1578) and for the miniature atlases detailed below. In 1618 he moved to Paris and became Official Cosmographer to Louis XIII. He was related by marriage to Jodocus Hondius and Pieter van den Keere.

Dudley Chase, Ernest.


Pictorial maps - maps with vignette illustrations on top of the geographical content - go back practically to the known beginning of cartographic history: Petroglyph maps dating from the Neolithic sometimes are found combining geographic features with representations of animals, people or dwellings.

Vignette insets or overlays are also found throughout the period of printed maps. But maps richly overlaid with small pictures are more commonly found from the 19th century onwards. (A notable exception is the Carta Marina of Olaus Magnus, published in Venice in 1539, which presents a depiction of Scandinavia with more than 100 small woodcut illustrations of animals, real and imagined, and of people pursuing all kinds of activities, such as hunting, fishing, skiing, etc.)

Ernest Dudley Chase was an exceptional creator of pictorial maps. Though he worked primarily as a graphic artist and businessman in the greeting card industry, Chase also designed, drew, and self-published more than 50 pictorial map...
Bland arbeten.
A Pictorial Map of North America 1945.
A Pictorial Map of South America 1942.


Amiral Häggs flaggkarta. - Stockholm 1888.


Köping - Munktorp - 1840/59.

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NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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