SÖK KARTOGRAFER, GRAVÖRER M.FL.

ARROWSMITH, AARON.

1750-1823.
He was an English geographer (mapmaker) and member of the Arrowsmith family of geographers. He moved to Soho Square, London from Winston, County Durham when about twenty years of age, and was employed by John Gary, the engraver and led for some years the office of hydrographer to the king. In January 1790 he made himself famous by his large chart of the world on Mercator projection. Four years later he published another large map of the world on the globular projection, with a companion volume of explanation. The maps of North America (1796) and Scotland (1807) are the most celebrated of his many later productions. He left two sons, Aaron and Samuel, the elder of whom was the compiler of the Eton Comparative Atlas, of a Biblical atlas, and of various manuals of geography.
The business was thus carried on in company with John Arrowsmith (1790-1873), nephew of the elder Aaron. In 1821, they published a more complete North American map from a combination of a maps obtained from the Hudson Bay Company and Aaro...
Bland arbeten.
First map of North America, 1790
A Map Exhibiting All the New Discoveries in the Interior Parts of North America, January 1, 1795 (Other editions 1801, 1802, 1804 and 1816 featuring roads)
Chart of the South Pacific, 1798
A New Map of Africa, 1802
Map of Countries Round the North Pole, 1818
Ogden map (North America), 1821 (2nd edition : 1834)

Caspar Henne(n)berg(er) (sometimes also 'Kaspar'.

1529 – 29 February 1600.
Was a German Lutheran pastor, historian and cartographer.
Hennenberger was born in a Franconian place given as Erlich (Erlichhausen?) and started to study Lutheran divinity at the University of Königsberg in 1550. In 1554 he began to work at the congregation of Georgenau and in Domnau. Probably in 1561 he moved to Mühlhausen, where he worked as a Lutheran Pastor for the next 29 years.
With the patronage of Duke Albert of Prussia Hennenberger published the first detailed map of Prussia in 1576, the book 'Kurze und wahrhaftige Beschreibung des Landes zu Preussen' (short and truthful description of the land Prussia) in 1584 and 'Erklärung der preußischen größeren Landtafeln oder Mappen' (explanation of the larger Prussian maps) in 1594.
In 1590 Hennenberger became the Pastor of the Large Hospital at Königsberg-Löbenicht, where he died in 1600. He was buried in the Hospital's Church.

Bland arbeten.
Kurze und wahrhaftige Beschreibung des Landes zu Preussen.
Erklärung der preußischen größeren Landtafeln oder Mappen.

LINNERHJELM, GUSTAF FREDRIK

1757-1819
Upptagen hos Tooley som 'Swedish Royal Geographer' med en karta 'Lands Wägarne genom södra Sverige 1792'. Det är möjligt att denna karta är den enda som Linnerhjelm har varit redaktör för.
Skalan är ca 1:1.100.000.
Bland arbeten.
Lands Wägarne genom södra Sverige 1792

RdeTTooley

Amiral Häggs flaggkarta. - Stockholm 1888.

Blue Vases, Pl. VII

NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

Tillbaka till början.