SÖK KARTOGRAFER, GRAVÖRER M.FL.

CAPLIN.

Flourished 1822-29.
Engraver for Dèpôt de la Marine.



Bland arbeten.
Côtes de Brésil 1822.
du Pérou 1824.
Golfe du Mexique 1826.
Rade de Rio 1820.

Tooley.

ÅRRE, OLOF JACOBSSON.

Född 1731 (ej 1732) 22/3 i Härnösand, död 1809 16/7 i Täby, Husby-Lyhundra sn (Sthlm).
Lantmätare och ingenjör. Tecknare, kopparstickare och modellör.Son av rektorn Jacob Å. och Elisabeth Plantin. Student via Uppsala universitet 1748. Erhöll av rikets ständer ett stipendium för att lära sig teckna och gravera och utbildade sig i dessa ämnen för Jean Eric Rehn i början av 1750-talet. Förkovrade sig ytterligare som gravör för Per Floding från 1766. Avlade lantmäteriexamen 1754. Tjänstgjorde som ritare vid Vetenskapsakademien 1755 2/8 — 1784 4/2. Lärde sig modellera för Adrien Masreliez 1757-59. Utnämndes 1760 till föreståndare för en av ständerna 1757 grundad metall-, manufaktur-, rit- och modellskola, där han även undervisade i ornamentsritning och modellering. Ledamot av Konstakademien 1774.
Jfr G. MALMBORG, Årres ritskola, i S:t Eriks årsbok, 1932.
Bland arbeten.
F. H. AF CHAPMAN, Architectura navalis mercatoria, Sthlm 1768: försättsblad med utsikt av Stockholm från Saltsjön, 1768, kpst.
Charta öfwer Götha elfs och Trollhättans belägenhet, 1770.
Charta öfwer slussarne wid Carlsgraf och Åkerström, 1770.
Charta öfwer Trollhätte slusswerk, 1770.

Hultmark, 1944.

ÅKERMAN, ANDERS.

Född 1721 19/5 i Halla sn (Söd.), död 1778 3/2 i Uppsala (Hel. Tref. förs.).
Tecknare, kopparstickare, etsare, kartgravör och globfabrikör. Son av snickaren och svarvaren Olof Andersson och Ingeborg Simonsdotter. Lärde sig gravera för Carl Erik Bergquist i Stockholm i början av 1740-talet. Student vid Uppsala universitet 1747. Utnämndes 1758 till gravör vid Vetenskapssocieteten i Uppsala och uppfördes följ. år på akademistaten. Medlem av det första svenska geografiska sällskapet 'Kosmografiska sällskapet' 1758. Var sällskapets gravör. Grundade 1759 en verkstad för tillverkning av glober i Uppsala. De minsta globerna var så små att de kunde användas som 'fickglober'. 'Himmelsgloben' bestod av ett sfäriskt skal som var itudelat för att användas som fodral runt jordgloben. Då staden 1766 30/4 härjades av en förödande eldsvåda, förlorade Å. »60 par glob-klot». Efter Åkermans död övertogs rörelsen av Fredrik Akrel, som 1779 flyttade verkstaden till Stockholm. — Utgav Atlas juvenilis, Uppsala 1768, med 20 kolor. kartor; 2:a uppl. utkom 1774 och innehöll 30 kolor. kartblad, samtl. graverade ...
Bland arbeten.
{M. STRÖMER], Läran om klotet och spheriska trigonometrien, Sthlm 1759: 9 tab. med geometriska figurer, etsn.
Den swenska Mercurius, 1758: karta över tyska kriget, 1758.
N. BIELKE, Rese-charta öfwer Södermanlands höfdingedöme, 1765.
Hydrografisk karta över Finska viken, 1768, 2 blad.

Hultmark, 1944 m.fl.

Gulddistriktet Klondike - ca 1897.

Centrala Schweiz. - Blaeu 1643/44.

NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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