SÖK KARTOGRAFER, GRAVÖRER M.FL.

WIRSING, GEORG MICHAEL.

Född 1822 8/3 i Schweinfurt (Bayem), död 1894 3/1 i Stockholm (Tyska förs.).
Gravör. Anlände till Stockholm 1858 4/11 med pass från Berlin. Anställdes s. å. som gravör å topografiska avdelningen vid Generalstabens litografiska anstalt. Blev 1879 26/9 svensk medborgare. Erhöll 1891 avsked med en årlig pension av 1,500 kronor från riksdagen.

Bland arbeten.
Karta, detalj, 1865.

Hultmark, 1944.

ÅKERLAND, ERIK.

1754-1835. Född i Stockholms län, död i Stockholm.
Svensk kopparstickare. Han var först elev hos kopparstickaren professor Per Floding och gick senare i lära hos medaljgravören Gustaf Ljungberger. 1781 blev han anställd i kartgravören Fredrik Akrels globverkstad i Stockholm. Omkring år 1790 utförde han graveringarna till Nordenankars (se denne) sjökort och ca. 1797 hans generalkarta. I övrigt ägnade Åkerland sig mycket åt kartor för skolbruk. Bland hans kopparstick kan särskilt nämnas porträtt, samt en stor översikt, 'Stockholm och dess sköna nejder'.

In 1781, was accepted as an apprentice in map engraver Fredric Akrel's Stockholm workshop. Produced some of the engravings for Nordenankar's sea charts. Åkerland and Carl Fredric Akrell were responsible for the copperplate engravings for Sweden's Marine Atlas (Sveriges Sjöatlas). Even after his 80th birthday, he worked producing maps 'for the tuition of youth'.


Kopparstickare, etsare och kartgravör. Född 1754 6/4 i Stockholms län, död 1835 11/11 i Stockholm (Klara). »Född bondson.» Kallade sig...
Bland arbeten.
Stockholm och dess sköna nejder.
A. M. PORTER, Don Sebastian, konung af Portugal, I-II, Sthlm 1825: 2 genrebilder, kpst.
Stockholm och dess sköna nejder, 51 byggnader och monument å samma bkd, efter C. G. Blom, kpst.
Ett flertal kartor, bl. a. över Ålands skärgård, 1779, Finska viken, 1788, och Norge med Kristiania, 1816.
Bataille emellan svenska flottan.. .och ryska flottan vid Ölands södra udde 1789, efter A. Sjöstierna, kpst.
M. SCHENSTRÖM, Afhandling om Strömsholms canal och slusswärk, Uppsala 1797: karta över Strömsholms kanal, efter G. Norenius.
C. H. BÄCK, Väg-visare genom Upsala höfdingedöme, Uppsala 1801: vägkarta, 1801.
A. SPARRMAN, Resa till Goda Hopps-udden, Södra pol-kretsen och omkring jordklotet, samt till Hottentott- och Cafferlanden, åren 1772-76, II, Sthlm 1802: ett 10-tal utsikter och folktyper från Afrika och Söderhavsöarna, kpst.
P. A. GRANBERG, Staden Göteborgs historia och beskrifning, I-II, Sthhn 1815: karta över Göteborgs skärgård, 1815.

Hultmark. - Lönborg.Hultmark, 1944.Sveriges sjökartor – A. Hedin.

Verbiest, Pieter.

1607-74.
An engraver and publisher active in Antwerp who produced a small number of maps including one of the British Isles based on an earlier map by N. Visscher.

Ingermanlandiae – Homanns Erben 1734

Hertigdömet Smålands vapen - Svecia Antiqua et Hodierna.

NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

Tillbaka till början.