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Biografier.

Kjellström, Nils.

1735-1798.
Lantmätare, verksam i Dalarna.
Bland arbeten.
Fahlustads tomt charta. Charta öfver Fahlu stad. Författad åren 1781 och 1782 af Nils Källström. Transporterad år 1797 af Carl Linderberg och copierad år 1830 af A.G. Théel.

Charta öfver Björnshytte masugnsvärks skog och inägor, med underliggande hemman och kolare torp, uti Stora Koppabergs höfdingedöme, Wästra Järnbergslagen och Grangärdes socken. Författad åren 1765, 1766, 1767 och 1772 af Nils Kiellström och Lars Henric Hilleström.

Charta öfwer Pehr Janssons och Pehr Hans Hemmans gårdsplatser uti Wik och Söderbärkes sochn.

Charta öfver Fahlu stad Författad Åren 1761, 1781 och 1782 af Nils Kiellström.

Charta öfver Fahlu stad Författad och Afmätt År 1761 af Nils Kiellström och Abr. Hölin.

Charta öfver Tvistige Rågången Imellan Husby och Hedemora Soknar Uti Stora Kopparbergs Höfdingedöme Och Näsgårds Län Författad År 1773. af Ordinarie Landtmätaren Nils Kjellström och Commiss. Landtmät: L: H: Hilleström. Afritad i Kongel: General Landtmäteri Contoiret År 1776, af Jon: Brodin

Charta öfwer Billsjö hytte och masugns wärks inägor och skog med underliggande torpp och hemman i Birs byn. Belägen uti Kopparbergs höfdingedöme, Västra jernsbergslagen och Söderbärkes socken. Författad dels åren 1753, 1754 och 1756 af framledna ordinarie landmätaren Melchior Ekström och Magnus [---]ström och åren 1784, 1785 och 1786 af Nils Kiellström. Renoverad år 1822 af J.U. Nyrén.

Plan Ritning öfver Fahlu Stads Hospitals Åbyggnad och Tomt Författad 1793 af N: K

Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de.


Bland arbeten.
Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines.

WAESBERGHE, JOANNES JANSSONIUS VAN.

Död ca. 1680.
Holländsk bokhandlare. Han var från början boktryckare i Rotterdam, men kom till Amsterdam och gifte sig med en dotter till Joannes Janssonius (se denne). Efter svärfaderns död fortsatte han tillsammans med de övriga arvingarna dennes firma. Enligt signaturen på flera av kartorna samarbetade han en tid med engelsmannen Moses Pitt (se denne) mer om detta har inga ytterligare uppgifter hittats. Efter Waesberghes död verkar det som en del av kartorna övertagits av andra förläggare, däribland Peter Schenk (se denne) och Gerard Valk (se denne). Verksamheten drevs vidare som ett familjeföretag, åtminstone ett antal år in på 1700-talet.


Karta öfver Stockholm. - 1904.


Edsberg - Nay 1881.

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NICOLAUS GERMANUS.

Often called 'Donis' from a misapprehension of the title 'Donnus' or 'Donus' an abbreviated form of 'Dominus.
A fifteenth-century cartographer, place of birth, and date of birth and death unknown. The first allusion to him of authentic date is an injunction of Duke Borso d'Este (15 March, 1466) to his referendary and privy counselor, Ludovico Casella, at Ferrara, to have the 'Cosmographia of Don Nicolò' thoroughly examined and then to determine a recompense for it. The duke, on the thirtieth of the same month, called upon his treasurers for 100 florins in gold 'to remit as a mark of his appreciation to Donnus Nicolaus Germanus for his excellent book entitled 'Cosmographia''. On 8 April, 1466, the duke again drew thirty golden florins to present to the Rev. Nicolaus, who 'in addition to that excellent Cosmography' (ultra illud excellens Cosmographie opus) had dedicated to the duke a calendar made to cover many years to come ('librum tacuini multorum annorum'). The 'Cosmographia' as preserved in the Bibliotheca Estensis at Modena comprises a Latin translation of the Geography of Ptolemy with maps. The version of the geographical text is substantially the same as that dedicated in 1410 to Pope Alexander V by Jacopo Angelo, a Florentine. In the execution of the maps, however, Nicolaus, instead of adhering to the flat projection of Ptolemy, chose what is known as the 'Donis-projection', because first worked out by him, in which the parallels of latitude are equi- distant, but the meridians are made to converge towards the pole. He likewise introduced new modes in delineating the outlines of countries and oceans, mountains and lakes, as well as in the choice of cartographic proportions. He reduced the awkward size to one which was convenient for use; the obscure and often unattractive mode of presentation he replaced by one both tasteful and easily intelligible; he endeavored to revise obsolete maps in accordance with later information and to supplement them with new maps. While his first recension embraced only the twenty-seven maps of Ptolemy (one map of the world, ten special maps of Europe, four of Africa, twelve of Asia), the second comprised thirty (including in addition modern maps of Spain, Italy, and the Northern countries: Sweden, Norway, and Greenland). The last-named enlarged recension he dedicated as priest to Pope Paul II (1464-71). He dedicated to the same pontiff his third recension, containing thirty-two maps, adding modern maps of France and the Holy Land. The works of the German cartographer were of great value in diffusing the knowledges of Ptolemy's Geography. The first recension, probably the very copy in the Lenox Library (New York), is the basis of the Roman editions of Ptolemy bearing the dates 1478, 1490, and 1507; on the third, certainly the copy preserved in Wolfegg Castle, are based the Ulm editions of 1482 and 1486. By combining the Roman and Ulm editions Waldseemüller produced the maps of Ptolemy in the Strasburg edition of 1513, which was frequently copied. The modern map of the Northern countries, made by Claudius Clavus, which Nicolaus embodied in his second recension of Ptolemy, was perhaps the source of the Zeni map which had such far-reaching influence, and likewise of the maritime charts of the Canerio and Cantino type. The revised map of the Northern countries in the third recension of Nicolaus, which placed Greenland north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, was a powerful factor in cartography for a century, especially as Waldseemuller gave the preference to this representation in his world and wall map of 1507, 'the baptismal certificate of America'. Because of these and other services to geography and cartography, as for example, by the revision of Buondelmonte's 'Insularium', it would be desirable to have it established whether Nicolaus was really, as I conjecture, a Benedictine father of the Badia at Florence.
(FISCHER, Nicolaus Germanus in Entdeckungen der Normannen in Amerika (Freiburg, 1902), 75-90, 113 sqq. (Eng. tr., London, 1903), 72-86, 108 sqq.)

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