fl. 1665-79.
Roggeveen was a land surveyor and mathematician by profession, working in Middelburg where the Dutch East and West India Companies maintained collections of hydrographic manuscripts and charts, including Spanish portulans of the West Indies. No doubt through contacts there Roggeveen became interested in navigation and he compiled a pilot book of largescale charts of the West Indies and parts of the American coasts, with a second volume of the coasts of West Africa. These were the first such charts printed in Holland.
1770-1823.
Vallance arrived in Philadelphia from Glasgow Scotland early in 1791. He quickly established his reputation as one of the best engravers in the city. During this period he developed a friendship with James Thackara. In 1791 Vallance married Elizabeth Trenchard, a niece of Thackara's wife Hannah. A partnership with Thackara was established. He engraved banknotes and documents. In addition he was one of the founders, in 1774, of the Association of Artists in America. His wife Elizabeth died in 1798 at the age of 28. Four years later he married again to Margaret Pratt.
Washington Map Society.
Fältmätningskåren bildades 1805 och slogs samman med Fortifikationen och bildade Ingenjörkåren år 1811. Topografiska kåren bildades 1831 av Ingenjörkårens fältmätningsbrigad som då utgick ur Ingenjörkåren. Den bestod av en Överste, en professor, 'renritare', vaktmästare och officerare, och hade till uppgift att uppföra fullständiga militärkartor över Sverige. Under åren 1836 till 1856 hade kåren ansvaret för de optiska telegrafnäten i landet. 1873 blev den en avdelning inom den nybildade Generalstaben.
Inledningsvis genomfördes en utbildning och förberedande kartarbeten. Arbetet ledde till den så kallade generalstabskartan som under lång tid var det enda rikstäckande kartverket med en enhetlig och detaljerad bild av landet.
Amiral Häggs flaggkarta. - Stockholm 1888.
Ängsgröe, Poa pratensis - Lindman, C. A. M, Bilder ur Nordens Flora 1917-26.
