WERGELAND, HARALD NICOLAI STORM.
1814-93. Född i Bergen, död i Christiania (Oslo).
Norsk officer. Tog examen 1831 vid Krigsskolan, år 1849 blev han kapten i artilleribrigaden, 1852 överstelöjtnant vid Generalstaben, 1856 överste och chef för 'Kristiansandske infanteribrigaden'. Under åren 1857-60 var han chef för Generalstaben i Norge och 1859 blev han utnämnd till generalmajor och var 1860-68 chef för norska armédepartementet. Efter att ha tagit avsked som statsråd blev han chef för '2:a Akershusiske infanteribrigaden' och 1875 utnämnd till generallöjtnant. Från 1840 var Wergeland under några år anställd som trigonometrist vid 'Norges Geografiska Opmaaling'. 1849 deltog han i norsk-ryska gränsdragningen. Waligorskis och Wergelands vägkarta utgavs första gången 1847 och kom fram till 1893 i 8 nyutgåvor. Wergeland var ofta anlitad i militärt organisationsarbete och var dessutom den förste medlemmen i 'Norsk Jaeger- og Fiskerforening'.
Halvorsen.
Springer, Johann Christoph Erich von.
Bland arbeten.
Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines.
fl. 1671.
Published a notable Atlas of America which was used by John Ogilby as the basis for his An Accurate Description and Complete History of America. The maps were extremely decorative and included a view of New Amsterdam as it appeared soon after its foundation.
Amiral Häggs flaggkarta. - Stockholm 1888.
'Östersjön Norra delen.' - Stockholm 1882.
Cassini de Thury, César-François
Biografiska uppgifter:17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784
César-François Cassini de Thury (17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784), also called Cassini III or Cassini de Thury, was a French astronomer and cartographer.
Cassini de Thury was born in Thury-sous-Clermont (Oise), the second son of Jacques Cassini and Suzanne Françoise Charpentier de Charmois. He was a grandson of Giovanni Domenico Cassini, and would become the father of Jean-Dominique Cassini, Comte de Cassini.
In 1735, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences as a supernumerary adjunct astronomer, in 1741 as an adjunct astronomer, and in 1745 as a full member astronomer.
In January, 1751 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
He succeeded to his father’s official position in 1756 and continued the hereditary surveying operations. In 1744, he began the construction of a great topographical map of France, one of the landmarks in the history of cartography. Completed by his son Jean-Dominique, Cassini IV and published by the Académie des Sciences from 1744 to 1793, its 180 plates are known as the Cassini map(fr).
The post of director of the Paris observatory was created for his benefit in 1771 when the establishment ceased to be a dependency of the French Academy of Sciences.
His chief works are: La méridienne de l’Observatoire Royal de Paris (1744), a correction of the Paris meridian; Description géométrique de la terre (1775); and Description géométrique de la France (1784), which was completed by his son ('Cassini IV').
César-François Cassini de Thury died of smallpox in Paris on 4 September 1784,
The Cassini projection is a map projection described by César-François Cassini de Thury in 1745. It is the transverse aspect of theequirectangular projection, in that the globe is first rotated so the central meridian becomes the 'equator', and then the normal equirectangular projection is applied.
In practice, the projection has always been applied to models of the earth as an ellipsoid, which greatly complicates the mathematical development but is suitable for surveying. Nevertheless the use of the Cassini projection has largely been superseded by the Transverse Mercator projection, at least with central mapping agencies.
Areas along the central meridian, and at right angles to it, are not distorted. Elsewhere, the distortion is largely in a north-south direction, and varies by the square of the distance from the central meridian. As such, the greater the longitudinal extent of the area, the worse the distortion becomes.
Due to this, the Cassini projection works best on long, narrow areas, and worst on wide areas.
