1698-1764. Född i Aarhus, död i Köpenhamn.
Dansk-norsk teolog och författare. 1716 började han studera och tog en teologisk examen 1718. Verkade senare som lärare och präst i ett antal städer. 1740 blev han professor i teologi vid universitetet i Köpenhamn, 1747 biskop i Bergen och 1755 prokansler vid universitetet. Av hans omfångsrika författarskap nämns här endast 'Det förste Forsög paa Norges naturlige Historie' i två band (1752-53), rikt illustrerat med bilder och naturhistoriska figurer. Detta verk kom även i en tysk och en engelsk utgåva.
Bland arbeten.
Det förste Forsög paa Norges naturlige Historie.
Ehrencron.
1754-1825.
L'Enfant was born in Paris where he trained to be an architect. He came to America in 1777, and served George Washington as an engineer during the Revolutionary War. In 1791 President Washington asked L'Enfant to design the new capitol city in the District of Columbia. L'Enfant designed a city similar in layout to the then French capitol city of Versailles. The Capitol in Washington sits in a position similar to that of the palace in Versailles, the White House (originally called the President's House) in the position of Grand Trianon, and the Mall is like the Parc. The Commissioners of the City of Washington wanted to have a printed copy of the plan when they began to sell building lots. L'Enfant irritated them by working slowly and releasing only sketchy plans . On instruction from President Washington, Thomas Jefferson on February 27, 1792 wrote a letter to L'Enfant dismissing him as city planner. L'Enfant died penniless and was buried on a friend's estate. In 1909 his remains were moved to Arlington Natio...
Washington Map Society. Se även wikipedias artikel, 'Pierre Charles L'Enfant'.
1735-1798.
Lantmätare, verksam i Dalarna.
Bland arbeten.
Fahlustads tomt charta. Charta öfver Fahlu stad. Författad åren 1781 och 1782 af Nils Källström. Transporterad år 1797 af Carl Linderberg och copierad år 1830 af A.G. Théel.
Charta öfver Björnshytte masugnsvärks skog och inägor, med underliggande hemman och kolare torp, uti Stora Koppabergs höfdingedöme, Wästra Järnbergslagen och Grangärdes socken. Författad åren 1765, 1766, 1767 och 1772 af Nils Kiellström och Lars Henric Hilleström.
Charta öfwer Pehr Janssons och Pehr Hans Hemmans gårdsplatser uti Wik och Söderbärkes sochn.
Charta öfver Fahlu stad Författad Åren 1761, 1781 och 1782 af Nils Kiellström.
Charta öfver Fahlu stad Författad och Afmätt År 1761 af Nils Kiellström och Abr. Hölin.
Charta öfver Tvistige Rågången Imellan Husby och Hedemora Soknar Uti Stora Kopparbergs Höfdingedöme Och Näsgårds Län Författad År 1773. af Ordinarie Landtmätaren Nils Kjellström och Commiss. Landtmät: L: H: Hilleström. Afritad i Kongel: General Landtmäteri Contoiret År 1776, af Jon: Brodin
Charta öfwer Billsjö hytte och masugns wärks inägor och skog med underliggande torpp och hemman i Birs byn. Belägen uti Kopparbergs höfdingedöme, Västra jernsbergslagen och Söderbärkes socken. Författad dels åren 1753, 1754 och 1756 af framledna ordinarie landmätaren Melchior Ekström och Magnus [---]ström och åren 1784, 1785 och 1786 af Nils Kiellström. Renoverad år 1822 af J.U. Nyrén.
Plan Ritning öfver Fahlu Stads Hospitals Åbyggnad och Tomt Författad 1793 af N: K
Vägvisare för XI Olympiaden i Berlin - 1936
'Plan de la Ville de Carthagene des Indes.' - 1735.
d'Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon
Biografiska uppgifter:Born in Paris July 11, 1697 – died January 28, 1782.
Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (born in Paris July 11, 1697 – January 28, 1782), was both a geographer and cartographer who greatly improved the standards of map-making. His maps of ancient geography, characterized by careful, accurate work and based largely on original research, are especially valuable. He left unknown areas of continents blank and noted doubtful information as such; compared to the lavish maps of his predecessors, his maps looked empty.
Work
D'Anville's map of China and Central Asia (1734) for du Halde's 'Description geographique de la Chine', compiled based on the first systematic geographic survey of the entire Chinese Empire by a team of French Jesuits (ca. 1700)
His passion for geographical research displayed itself from early years: at age of twelve he was already amusing himself by drawing maps for Latin authors. Later, his friendship with the antiquarian, Abbé Longuerue, greatly aided his studies.
His first serious map, that of Ancient Greece, was published when he was fifteen. At the age of twenty-two, he was appointed one the king's geographers, and began to attract the attention of first authorities. D'Anville's studies embraced everything of geographical nature in the world's literature, as far as he could muster it: for this purpose, he not only searched ancient and modern historians, travelers and narrators of every description, but also poets, orators and philosophers. One of his cherished subjects was to reform geography by putting an end to the blind copying of older maps, by testing the commonly accepted positions of places through a rigorous examination of all the descriptive authority, and by excluding from cartography every name inadequately supported. Vast spaces, which had before been bordered with countries and cities, were thus suddenly reduced mostly to a blank.
D'Anville was at first employed in the humbler task of illustrating by maps the works of different travellers, such as Marchais, Charlevoix, Labat and du Halde. For the history of China by the last-named writer he was employed to make an atlas, which was published separately at the Hague in 1737.[citation needed] Information for the maps of China came from land surveys made by the Chinese empire in 1708. His China maps have been called the 'standard Western source for the geography of China and adjacent regions,' throughout the 19th century.
In 1735 and 1736 brought out two treatises on the figure of the earth; but these attempts to solve geometrical problems by literary material were, to a great extent, refuted by Maupertuis' measurements of a degree within the polar circle. D'Anville's historical method was more successful in his 1743 map of Italy, which first indicated numerous errors in the mapping of that country and was accompanied by a valuable mémoir (a novelty in such work), showing in full the sources of the design. A trigonometrical survey which Benedict XIV soon after had made in the papal states strikingly confirmed the French geographer's results. In his later years d'Anville did yeoman service for ancient and medieval geography, accomplishing something like a revolution in the former; mapping afresh all the chief countries of the pre-Christian civilizations (especially Egypt), and by his Mémoire et abrégé de géographie ancienne et générale and his États formés en Europe après la chute de l'empire romain en occident (1771) rendering his labours still more generally useful. His last employment consisted in arranging his collection of maps, plans and geographical materials. It was the most extensive in Europe, and had been purchased by the king, who, however, left him the use of it during his life. This task performed, he sank into a total imbecility both of mind and body, which continued for two years, till his death in January 1782.
Honors
In 1754, at the age of fifty-seven, he became a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, whose transactions he enriched with many papers. In 1775 he received the only place in the Académie des Sciences which is allotted to geography; and in the same year he was appointed, without solicitation, first geographer to the king.
The crater Anville on the Moon is named after him, as was the community of Danville, Vermont.
Bibliography
D'Anville's published memoirs and dissertations amounted to 78, and his maps to 211. A complete edition of his works was announced in 1806 by de Manne in 6 vols. quarto, but only two had appeared when the editor died in 1832. See Bon-Joseph Dacier, Éloge de d'Anville (Paris, 1802). Besides the separate works noticed above, d'Anville's maps executed for Rollin's Histoire ancienne and Histoire romaine, and his Traité des mesures anciennes et modernes (1769), deserve special notice.
Bland arbeten:
Pere J. B. du Halde with maps by d'Anville, 'Description geographique de la Chine', 1735.
'Nouvel Atlas de la Chine', 1737.
'Atlas Generale', circa 1740.
'Geographie Ancienne et Abregee', 1769.
- Se bild.
