1802-88. Född och död i Kirkhill.
Skotsk kartograf, bror till JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH. Efter sin lärotid som kartgravör etablerade han 1826 tillsammans med sin bror det ansedda kartförlaget W. & A. K. Johnston i Edinburgh. William Johnston hade under årens lopp en rad olika offentliga förtroendeuppdrag. Bla. var han under några år borgmästare i Edinburgh. 1867 drog han sig tillbaka från företaget.
Dict. nat. biogr.
Född 1787 7/1 på Ojamo i Lojo sn (Nyland), död 1830 19/5 i Stock (Finska förs.).
Överstelöjtnant. Kartograf. Landskapsmålare och etsare. Son av löjtnanten Axel Maximilian C. och Barbro Elisabeth Toll. Deltog som fältmätningsofficer i finska kriget 1808-09. Tjänstgjorde 1819-24 som adjutant hos riksståthållaren i Norge J. A. Sandels och företog under denna tid talrika resor. Chef för graveringskontoret vid Ingenjörskåren 1826.
Bland arbeten.
Karta över belägenheten omkring Stockholm 1817.
G. M. CARPELAN, Vues norvégiennes, I-II, Sthlm 1826-27: 8 utsikter, akvatinter.
Karta över Djurgården. 1829.
D. K. W. BAUMGARTEN-CRUSIUS, Schweiz’s historia, Strängnäs 1833: titelblad, akvatint.
Hultmark, 1944.
1750-1823.
He was an English geographer (mapmaker) and member of the Arrowsmith family of geographers. He moved to Soho Square, London from Winston, County Durham when about twenty years of age, and was employed by John Gary, the engraver and led for some years the office of hydrographer to the king. In January 1790 he made himself famous by his large chart of the world on Mercator projection. Four years later he published another large map of the world on the globular projection, with a companion volume of explanation. The maps of North America (1796) and Scotland (1807) are the most celebrated of his many later productions. He left two sons, Aaron and Samuel, the elder of whom was the compiler of the Eton Comparative Atlas, of a Biblical atlas, and of various manuals of geography.
The business was thus carried on in company with John Arrowsmith (1790-1873), nephew of the elder Aaron. In 1821, they published a more complete North American map from a combination of a maps obtained from the Hudson Bay Company and Aaro...
Bland arbeten.
First map of North America, 1790
A Map Exhibiting All the New Discoveries in the Interior Parts of North America, January 1, 1795 (Other editions 1801, 1802, 1804 and 1816 featuring roads)
Chart of the South Pacific, 1798
A New Map of Africa, 1802
Map of Countries Round the North Pole, 1818
Ogden map (North America), 1821 (2nd edition : 1834)
Gulddistriktet Klondike - ca 1897.
'Drags Aktie Bolag, Norrköping' - Gustaf Pabst 1870-1879.
Cassini de Thury, César-François
Biografiska uppgifter:17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784
César-François Cassini de Thury (17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784), also called Cassini III or Cassini de Thury, was a French astronomer and cartographer.
Cassini de Thury was born in Thury-sous-Clermont (Oise), the second son of Jacques Cassini and Suzanne Françoise Charpentier de Charmois. He was a grandson of Giovanni Domenico Cassini, and would become the father of Jean-Dominique Cassini, Comte de Cassini.
In 1735, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences as a supernumerary adjunct astronomer, in 1741 as an adjunct astronomer, and in 1745 as a full member astronomer.
In January, 1751 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
He succeeded to his father’s official position in 1756 and continued the hereditary surveying operations. In 1744, he began the construction of a great topographical map of France, one of the landmarks in the history of cartography. Completed by his son Jean-Dominique, Cassini IV and published by the Académie des Sciences from 1744 to 1793, its 180 plates are known as the Cassini map(fr).
The post of director of the Paris observatory was created for his benefit in 1771 when the establishment ceased to be a dependency of the French Academy of Sciences.
His chief works are: La méridienne de l’Observatoire Royal de Paris (1744), a correction of the Paris meridian; Description géométrique de la terre (1775); and Description géométrique de la France (1784), which was completed by his son ('Cassini IV').
César-François Cassini de Thury died of smallpox in Paris on 4 September 1784,
The Cassini projection is a map projection described by César-François Cassini de Thury in 1745. It is the transverse aspect of theequirectangular projection, in that the globe is first rotated so the central meridian becomes the 'equator', and then the normal equirectangular projection is applied.
In practice, the projection has always been applied to models of the earth as an ellipsoid, which greatly complicates the mathematical development but is suitable for surveying. Nevertheless the use of the Cassini projection has largely been superseded by the Transverse Mercator projection, at least with central mapping agencies.
Areas along the central meridian, and at right angles to it, are not distorted. Elsewhere, the distortion is largely in a north-south direction, and varies by the square of the distance from the central meridian. As such, the greater the longitudinal extent of the area, the worse the distortion becomes.
Due to this, the Cassini projection works best on long, narrow areas, and worst on wide areas.
