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Biografier.

BRAAKENSIEK, A.

Ca: 1835.
Holländsk kartgravör. Inga övriga upplysningar hittade.

ERATOSTHENES, (grek. Eratosthen'es),


Grekisk astronom (276-194 f.Kr.), född i Cyrene, av Ptolemaios III Euergetes kallad till bibliotekarie vid museet i Alexandria. E. utförde den första vetenskapliga bestämningen av jordens storlek. I Syene i Afrika kastade en gnomon vid sommarsolståndet icke någon skugga, då däremot vid samma tid solen i Alexandria var 7,2 grader (=360:50 grader) från zenit. Då avståndet mellan Syene och Alexandria enl. E. var 5.000 stadier, så följer, att jordens omkrets är = 50x5.000 = 250.000 stadier. Värdet på E:s stadie är ej säkert bekant, men följer man Plinius' uppgifter, är en stadie = 157,5 m, och i så afll blir alltså jordens omkrets = 39.375.000 m, nära överensstämmande med senare mätningar (40.000.000 m), en överensstämmelse, som dock kan betraktas som helt och hållet tillfällig.
Eratosthenes framställde även en världskarta.


Svensk uppslagsbok, 1948.

Plancius, Petrus.

1562-1622.
Plancius was a theologian and minister of the Dutch Reformed Church who fled with many of his compatriots from religious persecution in Flanders to settle in Amsterdam in 1585. There he became interested in navigation and cartography and, being fortunate enough to have access to nautical charts recently brought from Portugal, he was soon recognized as an expert on the shipping routes to India. He was interested, too, in the idea of a North East passage until the failure of Willem Barentsz's third voyage in 1597 seemed to preclude the possibility of such a route. In 1602 he was appointed cartographer to the new Dutch East India Company.
Although Plancius produced no atlases his individual maps and charts, over 100 in all, exercised much influence on the work of other cartographers at the turn of the century. His very large wall map of the world dated 1592 was of particular significance.


Karta öfver Stockholm. - 1904.


Hägg, Prunus padus - Lindman, C. A. M, Bilder ur Nordens Flora 1917-26.

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Molyneux, Emery.

Biografiska uppgifter:Död i juni 1598.
Emery Molyneux was an English Elizabethan maker of globes, mathematical instruments and ordnance. His terrestrial and celestial globes, first published in 1592, were the first to be made in England and the first to be made by an Englishman.
Molyneux was known as a mathematician and maker of mathematical instruments such as compasses and hourglasses. He became acquainted with many prominent men of the day, including the writer Richard Hakluyt and the mathematicians Robert Hues and Edward Wright. He also knew the explorers Thomas Cavendish, Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh and John Davis. Davis probably introduced Molyneux to his own patron, the London merchant William Sanderson, who largely financed the construction of the globes. When completed, the globes were presented to Elizabeth I. Larger globes were acquired by royalty, noblemen and academic institutions, while smaller ones were purchased as practical navigation aids for sailors and students. The globes were the first to be made in such a way that they were unaffected by the humidity at sea, and they came into general use on ships.
Molyneux emigrated to Amsterdam with his wife in 1596 or 1597. He succeeded in interesting the States-General, the parliament of the United Provinces, in a cannon he had invented, but he died suddenly in June 1598, apparently in poverty. The globe-making industry in England died with him.
Only six of his globes are believed still to be in existence. Three are in England, of which one pair consisting of a terrestrial and a celestial globe is owned by Middle Temple and displayed in its library, while a terrestrial globe is at Petworth House in Petworth, West Sussex.

Molyneux accompanied Francis Drake on his 1577–1580 circumnavigation of the world; as Ubaldini reported, '[h]e himself has been in those seas and on those coasts in the service of the same Drake'. A legend in Latin on the terrestrial globe, explaining why Molyneux had left out the polar lands and corrected the distance across the Atlantic Ocean between The Lizard and Cape Race in Newfoundland, concluded:
'Quod equide[m] effeci tu[m] ex meis navigationibus primo, tum deinceps ex felici illa sub clariss. Fran. Drako ad Indos Occident, expeditione, in qua non modo optimas quasqu[e] alioru[m] descriptiones, sed quidquid mea quantulacu[m]que, vel scie[n]ta vel experientia ad integru[m] hoc qui[n]quen[n]io pr[a]estare potuit, ad hujus operis perfectione[m] co[m]paravi ...' [I have been able to do this both in the first place from my own voyages and secondly from that successful expedition to the West Indies under the most illustrious Francis Drake: in which expedition I have put together not only all the best delineations of others, but everything my own humble knowledge or experience has been able to furnish in the last five years to the perfecting of this work.]
Bland arbeten:
'The Globes Celestial and Terrestrial Set Forth in Plano'

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