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Biografier.

THORLAKSSON, GUDBRANDUR.

1541-1627.
Matematiker, kartograf, rektor i Skálholt och biskop i Hólar. Utbildad i Hólars katedralskola och sedan på Köpenhamns universitet. Utnämndes till biskop 1570 med uppgiften att driva igenom protestantismen på norra Island. Thorlaksson förblev biskop i Hólar till sin död 20 juli 1627.
Thorlaksson redigerade och publicerade minst 80 böcker under sin tid som biskop, bland annat första bibeln på isländska 1584 och den isländska lagboken. Han gjorde även den första användbara kartan över Island 1590, en karta som kom att kopieras under stor del av 1600-talet av alla stora kartografer.
Bland arbeten.
Island, 1570, använd av Ortelius 1595 och Blaeu 1643.
Celestial globe, 1575.
Norse discoveries America, 1606, manuskript.


WICHERINGE, BARTHOLDUS.


Cartographer.




Bland arbeten.
Groninga Dominium 1630, used by Blaeu and Hondius.


Tooley.


ELLICOTT, ANDREW.

1754-1820.
Ellicott, a Quaker, was raised in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. His father was a prosperous miller whose family founded Ellicott City, Maryland in 1775. Andrew Ellicott was trained to be a mathematician and surveyor. He conducted several large surveys with David Rittenhouse, the Philadelphia astronomer, mathematician, and clockmaker. President Washington in 1791 asked Ellicott to survey the bounds of the District of Columbia. The following year Washington asked him to complete L'Enfant's plan for the city. Ellicott made some changes to L'Enfant's plan. He changed the alignment of Massachusetts Avenue, eliminated five short radial avenues, added two short radial avenues southeast and southwest of the Capitol, and named the city streets. In less than one month Ellicott had a plan ready for the engravers. A few months later Ellicott, like L'Enfant, found himself at odds with the Commissioners and resigned from the project.


Washington Map Society. Se även wikipedias artikel, 'Andrew Ellicott'.



Gulddistriktet Klondike - ca 1897.



Tulpan - Basil Besler 1613.


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MAKHAYEV, MIKHAIL IVANOVICH.

Biografiska uppgifter:B. Smolenskoye, Vereysky district [now Moscow region], 1716-18; d. St Petersburg, 25 Feb 1770.
Russian draughtsman and engraver. He was the son of a priest, and from 1729 he studied at the St Petersburg Naval Academy. In August 1731 he was transferred to the instrument-making department of the Academy of Sciences, where he helped to make land-surveying instruments, including theodolites (a training that was of value when he later came to sketch views of St Petersburg); he also learnt how to carve moulds for dies under Georg Unfertsagt (1701-67); and he studied drawing under the two members of the Academy staff, Ottmar Elliger II and Elias Grimmel (1703-58). In June 1743 Makhayev was made director of the cartographic and die-carving section of the Academy, and he was employed there for the rest of his life. Together with his pupils he helped to produce the Atlas rossiyskoy imperii ('Atlas of the Russian Empire'; 1740s); in addition, he provided inscriptions for diplomas for honorary members of the Academy, for porcelain snuff-boxes and for a large silver shrine at the tomb of Aleksandr Nevsky (early 1750s; St Petersburg, Hermitage).

(Bagrow.)

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