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Biografier.

Montanus, Arnold.

fl. 1671.
Published a notable Atlas of America which was used by John Ogilby as the basis for his An Accurate Description and Complete History of America. The maps were extremely decorative and included a view of New Amsterdam as it appeared soon after its foundation.


Frisius, Gemma. [Reinerszoon, Jemme.]

9 december 1508 - 25 maj 1555.
Gemma Frisius was a physician, mathematician, cartographer, philosopher, and instrument maker. He created important globes, improved the mathematical instruments of his day and applied mathematics in new ways to surveying and navigation.
Frisius was born in Dokkum, Friesland (present-day Netherlands) of poor parents, who died when he was young. He moved to Groningen and studied at the University in Leuven beginning in 1525. He received the degree of MD in 1536 and remained on the faculty of medicine in Leuven for the rest of his life. His oldest son, Cornelius Gemma, edited a posthumous volume of his work and continued to work with Ptolemaic astrological models.
While still a student, Frisius set up a workshop to produce globes and mathematical instruments. He became noted for the quality and accuracy of his instruments, which were praised by Tycho Brahe, among others. In 1533, he described for the first time the method of triangulation still used today in surveying. Twenty years later, he was the first
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Bland arbeten.
(Cosmographia (1529) von Petrus Apianus, annotated by Gemma Frisius)
De principiis astronomiae et cosmographiae (1530)
De usu globi (1530)
Libellus de locorum describendorum ratione (1533)
Arithmeticae practicae methodus facilis (1540)
De annuli astronomici usu (1540)
De radio astronomico et geometrico (1545)
De astrolabio catholico (1556)


Zuda Rokashi [priest Hotan].


The first Buddhist world map printed in Japan and the prototype for all subsequent Buddhist world maps printed in Japan until the late nineteenth century. The author, Hotan (1654-1728) was a scholar-priest and founder of the Kegonji Temple in Kyoto. The earliest known example in Japan is the Gotenjiku Zu (Map of the Five Indies) by the priest Jukai dating from 1364 and now preserved in Horyuji Temple in Nara. However Hotan’s map was revolutionary in being the first printed Oriental map to introduce detailed Western cartographic information into this traditional Buddhist cosmological view and attempt to merge the two together into a comprehensible form. Europe is depicted as a series of islands in the upper left of the image whilst South America is likewise another island in the lower right of the image. Africa is omitted completely. China and Japan are clearly defined in the upper right of the map. The popularity of the map is evidenced by the fact that although the map is dated 1710, it was reissued unchange
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Bland arbeten.
Nantanbushu Bankoku Shoka No Zu [Map of the Universe as a result] [Kyoto: Uhei Bundaiken, Hoei 7 (1710)]


Sotheby's. Murogo & Unno, “The Buddhist World Map in Japan” in /M Xvi (1962); H. Cortazzi, “Island of gold, p.38 pl.48; Harley & Woodward, “The History of Cartography, 2.2, pp. 428ff and Fig. 11.59; Nanba, “Old Maps of Japan, p. 179 pl.8; K. Yamashita, “Japanese Maps of the Edo Period, pp. 32-33 ill.1.



Amiral Häggs flaggkarta. - Stockholm 1888.



Ormbär, Paris quadrifolia - Lindman, C. A. M, Bilder ur Nordens Flora 1917-26.


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MÜNSTER, SEBASTIAN.

Biografiska uppgifter:1489-1552.
Tysk kosmograf. Född i Ingelheim i Hessen, död i Basel. Studerade matematik, teologi och klassiska språk i Heidelberg och Tübingen. Blev senare fransiskanermunk och föreläste vid olika läroanstalter tills han 1529 utnämndes till professor i hebreiska vid universitetet i Basel. Münster bedrev ett betydande författarskap och hade rykte om sig som den tidens mest lärde, speciellt när det gällde hebreisk litteratur. I hans klassiska studier hade även matematik och kosmografi en naturlig plats. Hans första geografiska verk, som publicerades 1530, var ett band med upplysningar till en nyutgåva av en gammal Tysklandskarta, utarbetad av kardinal Nicolas Cusanus (se denne). 1532 slutförde han ett större kartverk: 'Typus Cosmographicus Universalis'. Senare följde 'Geographia Universalis, Vetus et Nova', (5 utgåvor 1540-52) och 'Cosmographia, Beschreibung aller Lender' (1544, och en rad senare utgåvor). Böckerna är rikt illustrerade med kartor, stadskartor och andra textillustrationer i träsnitt. Det är framförallt dessa verk som har gjort att hans namn är känt ända fram till vår tid. Idag verkar hans kartor i högsta grad primitiva och kuriösa, men de många utgåvorna visar att man då förstod och värdesatte Münsters verk. Slutligen kan nämnas att han var den förste som utarbetade särskilda kartor över de fyra då kända världsdelarna.

Studied mathematics, theology and classical languages in Heidelberg and Tübingen. His first geographical work was published in 1544, and two years later he completed a larger work, Cosmographiia umversalis. This, like Münster's later books, contained a large number of maps including city maps. Today they appear extremely primitive and somewhat strange, but he was much respected in his own time
Bland arbeten:
Typus Cosmographicus Universalis.
Geographia Universalis, Vetus et Nova.
Cosmographia, Beschreibung aller Lender.
(Allg. d. Biogr. - Bagrow. Sveriges sjökartor - A. Hedin.)

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