1642-1727
Agner, Eric Nilsson, f. i Angsta, Arnäs socken, omkr. 1642, d 1727. Bondson. E. o. lantmätare 1680; fick kammarkollegiets fullmakt på ord. lantmätarbeställningen i Södermanlands län 20 juli 1683; erhöll avsked 1720; bodde sedan på Bönsta gård IV2 mil från Nyköping.
Gift med Dorotea Sofia Njure, d 1716.
A. var en för sin tid ganska betydande matematiker och utgav läroböcker både i matematik och lantmäteri. Han ger dock vanligen ej förklaringar till sina metoder utan låter exemplen tala för sig själva. Hans räknelära om bråk är tydlig och lättfattlig. I allmänhet använder han sig ej av decimalbråk vid sina räkneuppgifter. Till bråkläran hör ett appendix, huvudsakligen innehållande exempel på ränta på ränta, uträknade medelst logaritmer och här med användning av, decimalbråk. Logaritmerna äro nästan alltid riktigt om än något ovigt behandlade, såväl här som i hans lilla skrift om rotutdragning medelst logaritmer. A. räknar mycket handels- och växelräkning både med in- och utländska sorter, och han ...
Bland arbeten.
Tryckta arbeten: Arithmetica fractionum, thet är: Räknekonst vthi brutné-tahl, innehållandes the dehlar och stycken som der wid fordras (och på fölljande blad upteknade finnas) uti en så klar method framwijste och utharbetade, at en incipient som uti speciebus arithmeticis integris någorlunda öfwader, den samma utan särdeles möda, allenast af egen flijt skal kunna fatta och begrijpa. Fäderneslandsens vngdom til nytta och bruk af åtskillige authorer, i ett kort begrep sammanfattadt. Sthm 1710. 4:.o 4 bl., 130 s. — Kort och ny method til at extrahera radices quantitatum per tabulam logarithmorum. Anwist och i Huset bracht. Sthm 1710. 4: o 8 bl. — Geodaesia Suecana eller Örtuga delo-bok, hwar uti följande , delar hufwudsakeligen beskrifwes: I. Om jorde-mätning i gemen, dess grund-skepelser, samt huru man deras innehåld och wärde finna kan. II. Om instrumenter som til mätningens afgörande fordras, deras bruk, samt en kort berättelse om Sweriges gamla myntz gällande. III. Huru jorde-ägor emellan åtskillige lått-lagare lageligen samt konsteligen fördelas böra. IV. .Öm råå och rör eller gräntzemärkens tilstånd och beskaffenheter &c. Theoretico-practice sammanskrifwen. (Med 'Appendix, innehållande åtskil- lige curieuse problemata eller lustiga frågor, samt deruppa uti mathesi grundade swar) Sthm 1730. 4: o 8 bl., 154 s. + 1 karta jämte 12 bl. innehållande K. Maj:ts instruktion för lantmätare av 20 apr. IIIb. — Aritn-metica eller Räkne-konst, med nödige grund-reglor och pfnings-monster försedd. Och till fädernes-landets tienst och nytto sammanskrefwen. Sthm 1743. 4: o 2 bl., 176 s. Handskrifter: I KB: Fundamenta et gymnasmata geometriae, thet är Mäte-wishetens grund-lära och öfningz-mönster, hufwudsakhn fördelt til plani-raetriam och solidimetriam til alla studerandes nytta sammanskrefwen. 263 bl. — Analogisk beskrifning öfwer Neperi logarithmi-tahls tabell. Här jemte, till arbetets mera facilitet, min nylige uthräknad och förfärdigat proportional tabell, samt Ett öfningz-mönster för ungdomen. 1725. 116 bl. — Dessutom nämnas i Acta literaria Sueciaä, Vol. 1, följande arbeten av A.: Dec-arithmetica. Räknekonst uti tionddelige bråkz-tahl. — Cochmat Haschiur seu Problemata selectiora & curiosa circa figurarum constructiones, divisiones ft- area.'! rariores artis mensorias pragmatias, analysin speciosam, &c. — Intro- ductio ad algebram. Inledning til algebra räkne-konst.
Eric Nilsson Agner, urn:sbl:5594, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av E. Philip.), hämtad 2015-04-05.
Norsk amatörtecknare som inte kunnat identifieras.
1733-1806. Born in Norrköping.
Dansk geograf, gav 1769 ut en geografisk karta över Medelpad.
Land Survey Apprentice 1749, commission surveyor for the Västernorrland region in 1757. Staff surveyor 1784 for Vasa county. Retired 1802.
Bland arbeten.
Karta över Medelpad.
Sveriges sjökartor – A. Hedin.
Karta öfver Stockholm. - 1904.
'Inloppen till Västervik.' - Stockholm 1929.
d'Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon
Biografiska uppgifter:Born in Paris July 11, 1697 – died January 28, 1782.
Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (born in Paris July 11, 1697 – January 28, 1782), was both a geographer and cartographer who greatly improved the standards of map-making. His maps of ancient geography, characterized by careful, accurate work and based largely on original research, are especially valuable. He left unknown areas of continents blank and noted doubtful information as such; compared to the lavish maps of his predecessors, his maps looked empty.
Work
D'Anville's map of China and Central Asia (1734) for du Halde's 'Description geographique de la Chine', compiled based on the first systematic geographic survey of the entire Chinese Empire by a team of French Jesuits (ca. 1700)
His passion for geographical research displayed itself from early years: at age of twelve he was already amusing himself by drawing maps for Latin authors. Later, his friendship with the antiquarian, Abbé Longuerue, greatly aided his studies.
His first serious map, that of Ancient Greece, was published when he was fifteen. At the age of twenty-two, he was appointed one the king's geographers, and began to attract the attention of first authorities. D'Anville's studies embraced everything of geographical nature in the world's literature, as far as he could muster it: for this purpose, he not only searched ancient and modern historians, travelers and narrators of every description, but also poets, orators and philosophers. One of his cherished subjects was to reform geography by putting an end to the blind copying of older maps, by testing the commonly accepted positions of places through a rigorous examination of all the descriptive authority, and by excluding from cartography every name inadequately supported. Vast spaces, which had before been bordered with countries and cities, were thus suddenly reduced mostly to a blank.
D'Anville was at first employed in the humbler task of illustrating by maps the works of different travellers, such as Marchais, Charlevoix, Labat and du Halde. For the history of China by the last-named writer he was employed to make an atlas, which was published separately at the Hague in 1737.[citation needed] Information for the maps of China came from land surveys made by the Chinese empire in 1708. His China maps have been called the 'standard Western source for the geography of China and adjacent regions,' throughout the 19th century.
In 1735 and 1736 brought out two treatises on the figure of the earth; but these attempts to solve geometrical problems by literary material were, to a great extent, refuted by Maupertuis' measurements of a degree within the polar circle. D'Anville's historical method was more successful in his 1743 map of Italy, which first indicated numerous errors in the mapping of that country and was accompanied by a valuable mémoir (a novelty in such work), showing in full the sources of the design. A trigonometrical survey which Benedict XIV soon after had made in the papal states strikingly confirmed the French geographer's results. In his later years d'Anville did yeoman service for ancient and medieval geography, accomplishing something like a revolution in the former; mapping afresh all the chief countries of the pre-Christian civilizations (especially Egypt), and by his Mémoire et abrégé de géographie ancienne et générale and his États formés en Europe après la chute de l'empire romain en occident (1771) rendering his labours still more generally useful. His last employment consisted in arranging his collection of maps, plans and geographical materials. It was the most extensive in Europe, and had been purchased by the king, who, however, left him the use of it during his life. This task performed, he sank into a total imbecility both of mind and body, which continued for two years, till his death in January 1782.
Honors
In 1754, at the age of fifty-seven, he became a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, whose transactions he enriched with many papers. In 1775 he received the only place in the Académie des Sciences which is allotted to geography; and in the same year he was appointed, without solicitation, first geographer to the king.
The crater Anville on the Moon is named after him, as was the community of Danville, Vermont.
Bibliography
D'Anville's published memoirs and dissertations amounted to 78, and his maps to 211. A complete edition of his works was announced in 1806 by de Manne in 6 vols. quarto, but only two had appeared when the editor died in 1832. See Bon-Joseph Dacier, Éloge de d'Anville (Paris, 1802). Besides the separate works noticed above, d'Anville's maps executed for Rollin's Histoire ancienne and Histoire romaine, and his Traité des mesures anciennes et modernes (1769), deserve special notice.
Bland arbeten:
Pere J. B. du Halde with maps by d'Anville, 'Description geographique de la Chine', 1735.
'Nouvel Atlas de la Chine', 1737.
'Atlas Generale', circa 1740.
'Geographie Ancienne et Abregee', 1769.
- Se bild.
